US Mexico Border Essays - MexicoUnited States Relations,

US Mexico Border June 22, 2000 "?Corranle, all? viene la migra!", translated into English, this means "Run, there comes immigration!" This is what illegal immigrants shout everyday when they are about to cross the Rio Grande in search for better lives. Unfortunately, not many get through alive because of the militarization that has developed on the U.S. border with Mexico. Operation Rio Grande continues a process put in motion over a century ago by the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. It tries to erase the reality of a social geographical order that defies neat national divisions and impose a narrow notion of citizenship on people on both sides of the international boundary. In the process, the U.S., like all countries to varying degrees, elevates national citizenship to a position of primacy and lessens the inherent humanity of those on the wrong side of the social and territorial boundaries. Operation Rio Grande, launched in August 1997, in Brownsville, Texas, was a special multi-year operation designed to gain and maintain control of specific border areas through a combination of new technology and additional staffing. At the start of the operation, 69 Border Patrol agents were detailed to Brownsville to intensify existing enforcement effort. In September of that same year, the Border Patrol deployed special response teams to those ports-of-entry where increased numbers of fraudulent entry was expected. In the Fiscal Year of 1998, 260 new Border Patrol agents were added to the McAllen Sector and 205 to the Laredo Sector. An important feature of Operation Rio Grande has been the integration of a broad range of INS enforcement operations. Studies show that the crime rate in Brownsville alone dropped by more than 20% in 1998. (U.S. INS) The origins of the U.S. Mexico boundary are to be found in the imperial competition between Spain, France, and Britain for possessions in North America. Lack of agreement between the three imperial powers over the location of the boundaries separating their territories in North America led to disagreement between Mexico and an expansionist U.S. After Mexico gained its independence in 1821, many U.S. leaders argued for taking part or all of Mexico's territory. Numerous prominent U.S. politicians, driven by the ideology of Manifest Destiny, considered taking Mexico "a divine right." (Acuna, 1988) As tensions mounted between the U.S. and Mexico over Texas, the U.S. deliberately provoked Mexico by sending troops into territory claimed by Mexico in early 1846. Battles between U.S. and Mexican troops ensued, quickly resulting in full-scale war. The war raged on for two years, largely in favor of the U.S., and ended with the U.S. taking over Mexico City. On February 2, 1848, the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo was signed, and Mexico was forced to cede half of its territory to the U.S. Under the treaty's terms, the U.S. annexed a territory equivalent in size to that of Western Europe, and absorbed 100,000 Mexican citizens and 200,000 Native Americans living in the territory. (Herzog, 1990) The decades following the imposition of the new U.S. ? Mexico boundary saw widespread violence as U.S. authorities and non-State actors established their dominance. The Mexican Revolution and the accompanying socio-political turmoil between 1910, and 1920, caused great concern for U.S. authorities. Tension along the boundary with Mexico quickly subsided thereafter. (Griswold, 1990) Pacification did not mean control by the U.S. Migration between the U.S. and Mexico long preceded the imposition of the modern day boundary. Mexican migration to the U.S. was not really significant in scale or in geographical extent until the 20th Century. In 1942, the Bracero (Bra-zeh-roh) Program was implemented. It was a contract labor program in response to labor shortages brought about by the U.S. entry into World War II. (The Bracero Program, 1996) Furthermore, the INS practice of legalizing unauthorized migrants and turning them into braceros, or ?drying out the wetbacks,' increased unauthorized immigration from Mexico as the news spread that the easiest manner to obtain a bracero contract was to enter the U.S. illegally. When the U.S. Congress officially ended the program in 1964, the previously legal migratory flow simply went underground. As the 1970's approached, calls to enhance enforcement along the U.S. and Mexico boundary increased significantly. (The Bracero Program, 1996) From U.S. perspective, the modern U.S. ? Mexico border has always represented a line of control; one that contains the national body politic and that regulates the flow of goods and people from without. Needless to say, there has long been a huge gap between this territorial-state-centric ideal and the reality of a transnational world. That said, the U.S. has long made efforts, albeit inconsistent ones, to

the devil and miss. Prym essays

the devil and miss. Prym essays The Devil and Miss. Prym by Paulo Coelho Coelhos books has touched my soul. I can see all my guilt, fears, pain, and above all my love. His simple style leaves me questioning myself, do you follow the path of good or evil? The story ( told in third person ) takes place in Viscos, a village that is very far from civilization and unmarked on the map. A place where the people living know that they will be the last generation settled there. There are no children left, a place where every day is the same. All people from Viscos know that there is no chance to change anything in their monotonous day to day life. But change is on the horizon, Chantal Prym is young orphan girl who is working as waitress in local hotel. She is the youngest person in the town, with bright blue eyes, long brown hair and smile that never leaves her face. She is able to receive sympathy from everyone and her indecision made a lot of worries and problems for her. The character of Chantal showed me strategies on how to deal with serious life questions concerning how to decide which path I should chose to follow. For example, how do you judge people around you? How do live life easier than before? The story begins with old Berta. As the oldest inhabitant of the village she is always sitting outside her front door as she has done for fifteen years. She always had the ability to express her spiritual skills after the death of her husband but, for first time she has a feeling that something bad is going to happen. Berta has a terrifying premonition when she sees a stranger approaching the villages only hotel, not because he is alone but because he is accompanied by inner demons. As the stranger arrives he carries with him a backpack containing a personal notebook along with eleven gold bars. What his gift to the villagers is a choice between good and evil. The result is the paths chosen by the unassuming villagers once conf...

How to Grow a Salt Crystal Garden

How to Grow a Salt Crystal Garden A salt crystal garden produces a tree of white or colored crystals. Learn how to grow a salt crystal garden using a paper towel or toilet paper tube and a salt crystal solution. Salt Crystal Garden Materials toilet paper tube or about 4 of a paper towel tube3 tablespoons household ammonia3 tablespoons iron(III) ferrocyanide solution1 tablespoon table salt The iron(III) ferrocyanide solution may be made by suspending the powdered chemical in water or you may use Prussian Blue artist pigment, diluted to produce a deep blue-colored liquid, or you can use Mrs. Stewarts Laundry Bluing (find online). Grow a Salt Crystal Garden Stir the salt crystal ingredients together in the bottom of a shallow dish.Set the paper tube in the center of the dish. If you like, you can cut the tube to resemble a tree. The salt crystals will be white, so if you want colored crystals, dot the paper tube with food coloring or color it with a water-soluble marker.Place the salt crystal garden somewhere it wont be bumped or disturbed. Over the course of a few hours, the liquid will move up the tube and start growing crystals. Crystals will continue to grow for a day or more or you can add more solution if you want to continue crystal growth for a week or two.

Should the capital punishment be allowed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Should the capital punishment be allowed - Essay Example 46). The increased number is attributed to these four nations being most populous nations globally. The death penalty is matter controversy in different nations across the world. The positions are varied based on either cultural region, or political ideology. Among the member states of the European Union (EU), Article 2 of the Charter of the Fundamental Rights of the EU prohibits the use of capital punishment (European Union, 2010). In the same way, the Council of Europe that is comprised of 47 member states does not allow capital punishment among its members. The public opinion in relation to the death penalty varies considerably. Nonetheless, studies have evidenced adequate reasons as to why the death penalty needs to be abolished. Hodgkinson and Schabas (2004, p. 57) shares the evidence that the death penalty needs to be illegalised because life is very valuable. Life is very important and even murderers are not supposed to be deprived the value of their lives. Life cannot be taken back and every justice system is vulnerable to failure. Therefore, capital punishment puts numerous innocent lives at risk (Kronenwetter, 2001, p.53). Any mistake from the prosecution team may lead to demise of an innocent person. In the same way, innocent people will be prosecuted and killed due to flaws in the justice system. Justices, prosecutors, and witnesses can makes mistakes, which may result in the wrongful convictions of persons. It therefore becomes inevitable that innocent individuals may be sentenced to death for capital crimes. For example, in America, according to Amnesty International an estimated 130 people have been found to be innocent who were on death row. The mentally ill persons may also be executed not knowing why the reasons for their mistakes. The uncooperative and cold behaviour of the mentally challenged persons in the courtroom makes them unable to participate in the trials. As a result, they convicted and put on death row when they are

Barratt Developments financial report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 13000 words

Barratt Developments financial report - Essay Example The company has its operation in all parts of Britain, where it has established 27 divisions by delivering around 14,838 new homes per year. Hence, it focuses on delivering value to the shareholders (Barratt Developments Plc., 2015c). The deals that have completed during 2012 and 2013 are depicted in the figure above. The investment in equity shares decreased in 2013 as compared to 2012. This reflects that the company has failed to invest more in equity of other companies. The reason behind this failure is accumulation of cash reserve. The Help to buy scheme through which the company sell homes was 4% during 2013 (Barratt Developments Plc, 2015a). This is a new scheme, which helped the first time buyers to get homes in London at reasonable rates. The Part-exchange has also increased in 2013 as compared to 2012, which indicates towards the fact that the company is earning profit through this scheme. The number of investors has increased over the period as the company is preferred by public, who have the interest to invest in the shares (Barratt Developments Plc, 2015a). Housing market in the UK: There has been steady growth in the UK housing market due to the demand of new homes and buildings by the customers. With the increase in population, there is increase in demand for new homes (White, 2014). Impact on Barratt Development: The growth in the housing market has helped Barratt Development to earn more profit as the sale of houses increased to a great extent. The rise in sales of the company reflected strong market condition, which in turn contributed towards the development of the economy. The customers have always preferred the company for purchasing any houses as the designs of the interiors prepared by Barratt are unique. Planning regulation and Tax: The supply of the private housing is ascertained with the help of house price along with underlying determinants. In this regards, price and supply of private housing

Entrepreneurs Are Born Or Made Business Essay

Entrepreneurs Are Born Or Made Business Essay Since the late 18th century, business has constituted a main composition of the society. As the success of Jobs Steve, Bill Gates and Warren Buffett, many people start their own business in chase of profit. There are entrepreneurs growing everyday while some others bankrupting. We start thinking whether entrepreneurs are born. You may think that entrepreneurs are born successful, and they owned an enormous business. However, entrepreneur is not defined as the one who has made their business tremendous, but the one who starts his own company and employs himself (Mariotti and Glackin, 2010). Therefore, anyone can become an entrepreneur if he or she starts his or her own business and works for himself or herself. There are no boundaries among people, but your working position determines whether you are an entrepreneur. Entrepreneurs are not naturally born, but nurturally made. Entrepreneurship is actually not a destiny, but a qualification. In the research Nature or Nurture: Decoding th e Entrepreneur, it shows that the entrepreneurs share some common characteristics (Monte and London, 2011). It is the qualities that make entrepreneurs successful. Moreover, the qualities are not inherent, but gotten through education and experiences. The myth of entrepreneurship will be unveiled in this essay. Entrepreneurs Are Born or Made? Entrepreneurs are not born. Entrepreneurs are not like athletes, they dont need natural inherent body and muscles. An athletes child may grow up an athlete, but it would not happen in an entrepreneurs family. Many businesses bankrupted everyday, including some entrepreneurs family. However, entrepreneurs are nurtually made, and they own some special qualities and also need some trainings and experiences as athletes. Many people from non-entrepreneurs families start their own business and become entrepreneurs everyday. Dhirubhai Ambani, the most enterprising business man whos father is a school teacher, started his business on his own (Prakash, n.d). Warren Buffett, is not born as an entrepreneur either. He started his company when he was 27 years old using his earns from his pervious investments, made a great profit from his unique and accurate opinion on the stock market, and his Berkshire industrial Kingdom became a famous huge business in the world (Kennon, n.d). There are many ex amples of entrepreneurs who started their businesses as a green hand, instead of inheriting from their families. Thus we could not say that entrepreneurs are born, however, the entrepreneurs acquired many qualities that made them success. The main quality of entrepreneurship is innovation, which is not obtained naturally. Innovation is a new product, a new technology, a new source, and a new market (Mariotti and Glakin, 2010). There are many examples of entrepreneurs bankrupted due to lack of innovation. For example, Carrozzeria Touring, an Italian automobile coachbuilder company, ceased his business in 1966, due to the substitution of the new automobile construction (van den Brink, n.d). On the other hand, the famous company, Apple, make its success by innovation. As we all know, Apple will release his new product or innovation of its existing products every year, and the big success of iphone, ipad and imac make Steven Jobs the most well-known famous entrepreneur. It is the same with Microsoft. Microsoft releases its new products every year. We all have noticed that every year we will update our system to the new window. The popularity of the system proves the success of Microsoft, and makes Bill Gates the famous en trepreneur. After all, the sense of innovation is not grown natural, it comes from opportunities. When there is problem, there is opportunities (Mariotti and Glakin, 2010). Several years ago, there is no softwares in the computer, and Bill Gates made his entrepreneurship from creating the first software, window. The Body Shop International, was created by Anita Roddick because she was tired of paying for unnecessary perfume and fancy packaging when she bought makeup (Mariotti and Glackin, 2010). The problem that Anita faced made her start her own business to solve the problem. The problem finding quality is the quality that everyone were born with, and the opportunity is just coming from those problems. The second quality of entrepreneurship is experience, which is exactly extracted from posteriority. About 60 percent of the entrepreneurial leaders are transitioned, and the number one ranking factor of success is the experience as the employee (Pinelli, 2001). People can learn terminologies and skills for business evoked as their language, and the procedures of running a business become his or her conditional reflex, which will make their future operating business effectively and efficiently. From the previous experience, the entrepreneur can easily tackle the key of a problem and forecasting the development of his or her business. Yu Min Hong, a great entrepreneur, started his tutoring school, New Oriental, after his experience of teaching and tutoring in Peking University. He extracted his way of teaching from his previous experience of teaching, and used the teaching method in his company. The big success of New Oriental make Yu Min Hong one of the greatest entrepreneurs in China , and his method of teaching spreads all over the country. The rules of business are simple, making a business plan, ordinating your customers, operating and developing the business. From your previous experience, you will have the blueprint of your business, and moreover, you have already have your customers when you start. Thus with your employment experience, you are actually jumping the first two steps, which are making a business plan and ordinating customers, and directly shortcut into the third step operating and developing the business. The third quality of entrepreneurship is knowledge, which is not inborn but acquired from education. And if experience is the best education, the classroom is not far behind. Higher education was ranked the number one factor by almost one-third of respondents, just behind employee experience (Pinelli, 2001). Entrepreneurs are facing with various of challenges from finance, operation, organization, and laws. Operating the business requires you understand financial statements. Financial statements, consisting of income statement, cash flow statement and balance sheet, is a tool for entrepreneurs to track their operations (Mariotti and Glackin, 2010). The knowledge of financial statement is not acquired naturally, it is obtained from study. Not only the understanding of financial statement, but also the financial ratio analysis are needed as an entrepreneur. In order to cooperate with government, the entrepreneur needs to know the regulations such as taxes and franchising. The lack of finance knowledge may be fatal. The Native Americans sold their lands to a British hundreds years ago and they are excluded from their homeland by the foreigners, however, if they lent the lands with a low rate, they will still be able to buy it back today and even gained some returns from lending. Henry Ford surrendered most of his stocks for the demanded capital, and he spent even more years than he expected to receive money to buy back his stocks (Mariotti and Glackin, 2010). Some of the entrepreneurs even gain returns from investing using finance knowledge. Warren Buffet-The Oracle of Omaha , Peter Lynch-mutual fund manager, Benjamin Graham-The Father of Value Investing, give us vivid instances of making money just through their wisdom of investing strategy driven from their solid knowledge obtained in school (CapitalVia: Global Research Limited, n.d). The knowledge will drive the entrepreneurs make the right decision for their business and operate better. The fourth quality of entrepreneur is a good sense of dealing with people, communication. People are not born with good communication since we all start from learning languages, but they can start learning communication skills at an early age. Communicating well means the entrepreneurs will get their potential customers and gained more customers from a fabulous customer service. Salespeople will probably become successful entrepreneurs since they will touch the customers directly and know their needs (Mariotti and Glackin, 2010). Great entrepreneurs in the U.S. Such as Ray Kroc founder of McDonald, Aristotle Onassis, King C. Gillette, and W. Clement Stone, are started from sales (Mariotti and Glackin, 2010). They sensed peoples need and started their entrepreneurship. A good communication is prepared, not born, in order to sell your product. The entrepreneurs need to know their products, their business field, as well as their customers. Still, communication skills are built up from t he accumulated experience. We learn communication skills through the relationships and the society of others. It is a connection between people, and the successful entrepreneurs will know the peoples pros and cons through communication, thus will determine their future path of the business. Apart from innovation, experience, knowledge, and communication, qualities such as teamwork leadership, integrity, and passion are also important (Pinelli, 2001). Teamwork and leadership is an essential ability that was gained from life, not born. It required the entrepreneur address complex problems by utilizing strengths of different group members and create a synergy that increases innovation and successful outcomes (Reimers and Williams, 2009). The team has a big impact on the business, so the entrepreneur need to organize his team well. It is the entrepreneur and leaders task to communicate and listen, ask questions and summarize, articulate a goal, and build members confidence (Reimers and Williams, 2009). These tasks like communication are not born, however, they are trained through tasks and group projects. Thats why the business schools are teaching and training students the above skills. In addition to it, integrity, which leads to an honest business, is also a personal sk ill that were highly influenced from the living environment, not born. The business would not exist long if it cheated its customers. Integrity is a deal-breaker (Anderson, 2008). The entrepreneurs need to convince the clients to buy their product or invest their companies through the method of integrity, so that they will gain profit and get funding for their business. Passion, similar to ambition in entrepreneurship, makes your employment and business experience upgrade into entrepreneurship level (Kamai, 2011). Everyone have passion, and passion makes entrepreneurs start and grow their businesses. Passion is a personal quality that was acquired from experience. It is a kind of confidence of your business you alight with. Only when the entrepreneur targets his or her goal, will he or she have passion in the business. Thus, Teamwork Leadership, integrity and passion are not made, but acquired after born. Conclusion In conclusion, there is many people become entrepreneurs. Famous entrepreneurs like Jobs Steve, Bill Gates, and Warren Buffet made their business enormous. These famous successful entrepreneurs are not athletes who were born with inherent body and muscles, but they are nurturally made and trained through the practice of their business. Entrepreneurs shared the same posterior qualities. A good sense of innovation will survive a business from a crisis and make it the leader of its field, and the entrepreneurs find opportunities from problems and make the innovations. Rich experience, ranking number one of the factor of entrepreneurship, will make the entrepreneurs easily overcome some business crisis and forecast its development. Well-rounded knowledge in the field, like the application of financial statements, knowing the government regulations is essential for the entrepreneurs to operate their business. Good communication skills, gained from experience of dealing with people, will g et the business leader potential customers and gained a huge profit from it. In addition to all the above, teamwork and leadership, integrity, and passion are also keys to entrepreneurship which are acquired through training and practice. Moreover, these qualities are acquired, not born. One can achieve a good sense of entrepreneurship by tempered himself through practice and could gain the qualities in the tempering. Only by ones effort to acquire and temper the qualities, will he or she become an entrepreneur.

Sentencing

Thinking about the issue of punishment gives rise to a number of questions, the most fundamental of which is, why should offenders be punished? And what are the objectives for the punishment. Some of the objectives are deterrence, retribution, restitution, rehabilitation, and the reason for such punishment. Deterrence is most effective at stopping crime that is planned or premeditated. Sometimes the goal is to deter the individual from repeating the behavior; other times it is to deter others from engaging in a similar behavior. An â€Å"eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth† punishment applied with the belief that offenders should suffer similarly to their victims this is the retribution punishment. Restitution is applied with the belief that offenders should repay their victim’s loss in money or services. The offenders should pay back to the victim for crimes that he has made to change a person life. He has to see that he cannot get away with committing crimes. Rehabilitation is used more frequently with juveniles; it is applied with the hopes of helping the person resolve his disorder or disease that may contribute to crime. The punishment is their so that the person can choose more of a better life in which he decides to live, or he may choose a better path. The concept of punishment has been theorized by moral philosophers, social theorists, and criminologists, When a court imposes a punishment on an offender, it often tries to balance the sorts of reasons for punishment noted earlier, but sometimes certain purposes of punishment dominate other purposes The third perspective on punishment is offered by criminologists and policy makers, who focus on penalties for offenses and policy concerns relevant to the punishment of offenders. There are differences in the state and federal punishments laws of punishment such as with the federal laws the penalties and range from long or short prison sentences in federal prison to include fines. Federal laws are enforced by the United States Government Agencies and also passed by the United States Government Agencies. There are criminal laws involved, usually dealing with crimes against the government and laws that just provide fines. State laws are those that are passed and enforced by the state. They cannot contradict the Federal laws and apply only to the specific state. The state enforcement agencies also have a duty to insure that Federal laws are not being broken. Most criminal laws are state created and penalties include fines and short or long prison sentences. Probation is a sentence with certain conditions that must be followed. If any of the conditions, such as no drug use, are violated, your probation officer will notify the court or prosecutor. The size and cost of America’s prison system has skyrocketed during the last few decades, largely as a result of laws and policies that put more offenders behind bars and keep them there longer. Yet recidivism rates remain stubbornly high, and crime still is a major public concern. State policy makers across the nation are asking whether soaring prison budgets are the best path to public safety. The federal prison population has reached record levels, that a high proportion of prisoners are non-violent drug offenders, and that racial disparities in sentencing and the proportion of lower-level drug offenders are increasing. Sentencing disparities is sentencing offenders in which those committing the same crime receive different sentences. Sentencing disparities are usually based on race, gender, region, or socioeconomic status and there are some grapple with this problem that must be solve. Many of the studies concluded that race had a direct effect on the in-out decision (in other words, the decision concerning whether the offender should be punished in a penal institution or out in the community) and that this effect remained even after the inclusion of controls for prior record and crime seriousness. Benefits of sentence-reduction programs, such as good-time laws and early parole release, include promotion of discipline within prisons (because inmates are motivated to engage in good behavior in order to earn or avoid losing good time) and the reduction of prison overcrowding. It is said that most offenders are released from prison before serving their full sentences and that indeterminate sentences produce gross sentencing disparities because they allow judges too much discretion.